This paper considers systems with field constraints, when elements cannot be placed in special regions such as a high-temperature field, a high-pressure field, a high magnetic field, etc.
Many modern products, such as automobiles, aircrafts, laptops and smartphones, are engineered systems.
Prototyping is an essential part of a company’s product development process.
Delivering a variety of products with minimal lead time is a critical issue given today’s competitive manufacturing industry.
People with severe impairment of the lower body caused by conditions such as polio or stroke often rely on assistive devices for mobility.
Understanding consumer perceptions of products and the potential impact of those perceptions on purchase decisions is critical information that should influence product development decisions.
Computational Design Synthesis (CDS) methods can be used to enable the computer to generate valid and even creative solutions for engineering tasks.
Current design theory lacks a systematic method to identify what designers know that helps them to create innovative products.
Digital prototype (DP), as a form of communication media, allows designers to communicate design concepts to users by rendering the physical characteristics, e.g., size, colour, and texture
Additive manufacturing (AM) techniques provide designers with greater freedom in creating customized products with complex shapes.
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