It is often desirable for engineered systems to sustain their functional effectiveness in the event of unforeseen disruptions. In analogy, biological systems are often physiologically adapted to survive both internal and environmental disruptions.
Bio-inspired design is a cutting edge field of inquiry and practice, founded by thinkers such as Steele (bionics, 1950s), Schmitt (biomimetics, 1950s), and French (biologically inspired design, 1988).
11/1/2014 Authors: Ashok K. Goel, Daniel A. McAdams and Robert B. Stone J. Mech. Des. 136(11), 110301, Paper No: MD-14-1554; doi:
7/1/2013 Authors: Ashok K. Goel, Daniel A. McAdams, Robert B. Stone, Volume: 135(7) – July, 2013 Biologically inspired
2/1/2009 Author: Panos Y. PapalambrosVolume: 131(2) – February, 2009 Apparently, not us at JMD, as you will
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